ANALYSIS OF GENOTOXIC AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS ON THE ORAL BUCCAL MUCOSAL CELLS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING FIXED ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT AND DUE TO TOBACCO SMOKING

Vinay Marla

 vinay.marla@uniq.edu.iq

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Abstract:

The oral mucosa is exposed to the effects of orthodontic appliances during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment. The chronic irritation from the appliances, ionic action from the metallic components and the harmful effects of bonding agents could have detrimental effects of the mucosa. Smoking tobacco is considered to be carcinogenic for the cells of the oral mucosa. Tobacco smoking could have varying effects on the oral mucosa in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment

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